Sombhu Mitra

Sombhu Mitra  (22 August 1915 – 19 May 1997) was an Indian film and stage actor, director, playwright, reciter and one of the pre-eminent Indian theatre personalities, especially Bengali theatre, where he is considered a pioneer. He remained associated with Indian People’s Theatre Association (IPTA) for a few years before founding Bohurupee (1948), theatre group in Kolkata in 1948. He is most noted for his films like, Dharti Ke Lal (1946), Jagte Raho (1956), and his production of Rakta Karabi based on Rabindranath Tagore play in 1954 and Chand Baniker Pala his most noted play as a playwright

In 1966, the Sangeet Natak Akademi awarded him with its highest award, the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship for lifetime contribution, then in 1970, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour, and in 1976 the Ramon Magsaysay Award.

Early life and education
Born in Calcutta (now Kolkata), India, on 22 August 1915, Sombhu Mitra was the sixth child of three sons and four daughters born of Sarat Kumar Mitra, an employee of the Geological Survey of India, and Satadalbasini Mitra. His mother died when he was 12 years old.

He started his schooling in Chakraberia Middle English School, Calcutta and later continued in the Ballygunge Government High School, Calcutta, where he developed interest reading Bengali plays and became active in school dramatics. He joined St. Xavier's College at the University of Calcutta in 1931, and soon started attending the local theater.

Career
His first appearance in Bengali theatre was in Rangmahal Theatre in north Kolkata in 1939, thereafter he moved to the Minerva, Natyaniketan and Srirangam theaters.

In 1943, he joined Indian People’s Theatre Association (IPTA). In 1944, several old theatrical conventions were broken when the play Navanna written by Bijon Bhattacharya and co-directed by Sombhu Mitra for IPTA was staged. In 1948, Sombhu Mitra formed a new theatre group, Bohurupee in Kolkata, which ushered the group-theatre movement in West Bengal.

He married Tripti Mitra née Bhaduri, who was also a celebrated personality in the Bengali theatre. Their daughter, Shaoli is a noted actress, director and playwright.

The Bohurupee productions
Under Sombhu Mitra’s direction, the Bohurupee staged several successful productions. In December 1950, the Bohurupee presented three plays in the New Empire theatre - Tulsi Lahiri’s Pathik and Chenda Tar and Sombhu Mitra’s own creation, Ulukhagra. In 1954, Rabindranath Tagore’s Rakta Karabi was staged by the Bohurupee, followed by his Bisarjan, Raja and Char Adhyay. Other notable productions include Bidhyak Bhattacharya’s Tahar Namti Ranjana and Kanchanranga. Under his direction, this group also presented the Bengali adaptations of several well-known dramas from the world stage. Henrik Ibsen’s Putul Khela (Doll’s House), Dashachakra (An Enemy of the People) and Sophocles' Raja Oidipaus (Oedipus Rex) are notable amongst them.

In these productions he performed as Rahimuddin in Chenda Tar, Atin in Char Adhyay, Binod in Ulukhagra, Tapan in Putul Khela, Dr. Purnendu Guha in Dashachakra, Oidipaus in Raja Oidipaus.

He died in Kolkata.

Filmography
Sombhu Mitra performed in several movies in Bengali and Hindi. The notable among them are:
 * Dharti Ke Lal (1946) (Hindi)
 * Abhiyatri (1947) (Bengali)
 * Dhatri Debata (1948) (Bengali)
 * Abarta (1949) (Bengali)
 * ’42 (1949) (Bengali)
 * Hindustan Hamara (1950) (Hindi)
 * Pathik (1953) (Bengali)
 * Bau Thakuranir Hat (1953) (Bengali)
 * Maharaj Nandakumar (1953) (Bengali)
 * Maraner Pare (1954) (Bengali)
 * Shivashakti (1954) (Bengali)
 * Durlabh Janma (1955) (Bengali)
 * Manik (1961) (Bengali)
 * Suryasnan (1962) (Bengali)
 * Panna (1967) (Bengali)
 * Natun Pata (1969) (Bengali)
 * Nishachar (1971) (Bengali)

He wrote the story and screenplay of Jagte Raho (1956) and also co-directed it along with Amit Maitra. He also directed a Bengali movie, Shubha Bibaha in 1959.

Major works

 * Abhinay Natak Mancha (in Bengali) (1957)
 * Sanmarga-Saparya (in Bengali)
 * Natak Raktakarabi (in Bengali)
 * Chandbaniker Pala (in Bengali)
 * Prarambhik (in Bengali)

Honours and awards
Sombhu Mitra received many national and international awards, which include the Crystal Globe for Jagte Raho at the 1957 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, the Desikottama from Visva Bharati University in 1989, an honorary D. Litt from both Rabindra Bharati University and Jadavpur University in Kolkata, the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1976 for journalism, literature and creative communication arts and the Padmabhushan in the same year. He received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship in 1966. For his contribution in the movies, he won the Grand-Prix Award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. Madhya Pradesh Government honored him with Kalidas Samman (1982–83).


 * National Film Awards
 * 1956 - Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film in Bengali - Ek Din Ratre