Chetan Anand (director)

Chetan Anand (3 January 1921 – 6 July 1997) was a Hindi film producer, screenwriter and director from India, whose debut film, Neecha Nagar, bagged the Palme d'Or (Best Film) award, at the first ever Cannes Film Festival in 1946. Later he co-founded Navketan Films with his younger brother Dev Anand in 1949.

He was the eldest brother of the Anand family as he was the elder brother to Hindi film actor-directors, Dev Anand and Vijay Anand. His younger sister, Sheel Kanta Kapur, is the mother of Hindi and English film director Shekhar Kapur.

Early life
Chetan Anand was born on 3 January 1921, in Lahore, British India, to well-to-do advocate Pishori Lal Anand. After graduating from Government College Lahore, he remained a member of Indian National Congress in the 1930s, subsequently worked for the BBC and taught at the Doon School, Dehradun for a while, before coming down to Mumbai to sell a film script.

Career
In the early 1940s, while he was teaching History, he wrote a film script on king Ashoka, which he went on to show to director Phani Majumdar in Mumbai. Anand failed to qualify for the Indian Civil Service (ICS) exams in London. As luck would have it, Phani Majumdar cast him as a lead in his Hindi film, Rajkumar, released in 1944. He also became associated with Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) in Mumbai.

He soon took to film direction with the well-acclaimed movie Neecha Nagar which bagged the Palme d'Or (Best Film) award (then known as 'Grand Prix') at the Cannes Film Festival in 1946. It was the debut film for Kamini Kaushal and became the first Indian film to gain international recognition and was the debut of Pandit Ravi Shankar.

By the early 1950s, he and his younger brother Dev Anand had set up Navketan Productions in Mumbai. Afsar, starring Dev Anand and Suraiya, was the first film made by Navketan, which turned out to be a moderate success. It was followed by Taxi Driver and Andhiyan, both of which he directed for the Navketan banner.

Later on Chetan Anand started his own production banner called Himalaya films and teamed up with photographer Jal Mistry, music director Madan Mohan, lyrics writer Kaifi Azmi and actress Priya Rajvansh. Together they gave some of most memorable and unique films in Hindi cinema like Haqeeqat, Heer Raanjha, Hanste Zakhm, and Hindustan Ki Kasam.

Anand is known to be the film-maker who 'discovered' Rajesh Khanna from an acting competition. Khanna as a result got his first break and was cast by Anand in the film Aakhri Khat, although G.P.Sippy's 'Raaz' introducing Rajesh Khanna and Babita was the first 'released' film for Rajesh Khanna. Aakhari Khat is known for its beautiful locations, songs penned by Kaifi Aazmi, composed by Khayyam, the beautiful lady Indrani Mukherjee and the child star 'Bunty'. Actually Bunty and the music were the main attractions of this film. Chetan Anand later directed Rajesh Khanna in the film Kudrat, based on the theme of reincarnation, which helped the latter arrest a slide in popularity, allowing Rajesh Khanna make a temporary comeback with this hit film.

Apart from 17 feature films he is also known for the acclaimed television serial, Param Vir Chakra, which was aired Doordarshan in 1988.

After separating from his wife, he had a long-term relationship with the actress Priya Rajvansh. She was the heroine of his film Haqeeqat and all films after that. He had a relationship with her till his death. On 27 March 2000, Priya Rajvansh was murdered in her Juhu home. In 2002, Chetan Anand's sons Ketan Anand and Vivek Anand along with their employees Mala Choudhary and Ashok Chinnaswamy were given life imprisonment for her murder.

Death
He died on 6 July 1997, at the age of 76 in Mumbai.

Legacy
Chetan Anand: The Poetics of Film, a book written by Chetan Anand's wife Uma Anand and son Ketan Anand (Himalaya Films Media Entertainment), was released in 2006. A documentary by the same name made by Ketan Anand was released in 2008.

A retrospective of his films was held at the Stuttgart Film Festival and at the India International Centre, New Delhi in 2007.

Filmography

 * Neecha Nagar (1946) - Director
 * Afsar (1950) - Director, Screenwriter
 * Aandhiyan (1952) - Director
 * Taxi Driver (1954)- Director, Screenwriter
 * Funtoosh - (1956) - Director
 * Kala Bazar -(1960) - Actor
 * Kinare Kinare (1963) - Director, Screenwriter
 * Haqeeqat (1964) - Director, Screenwriter
 * Aakhri Khat (1966) - Director, Screenwriter
 * Heer Raanjha (1970) - Director, Screenwriter
 * Hanste Zakhm (1973) - Director, Producer
 * Hindustan Ki Kasam (1973) - Director
 * Jaaneman (1976) - Director
 * Saheb Bahadur (1977)- Director, Producer
 * Kudrat (1981) - Director, Screenwriter
 * Hathon Ki Lakeerein (1986) - Director, Producer
 * Param Veer Chakra (1988, TV Series) - Director

Awards

 * 1946: Palme d'Or (Best Film), Cannes Film Festival: Neecha Nagar
 * 1965: National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film: Haqeeqat
 * 1982: Filmfare Best Story Award: Kudrat